Pollen Chart

Common name	Latin name                 Blooming months                  Pollen color
Maple	Acer spp.	Feb - Apr	light yellow	feral		fair
Manitoba Maple  (Box elder)	Acer negundo	Feb - Apr	light olive	feral		good
Norway maple	Acer platanoides	Apr - May	yellow green, olive	feral		fair
Red Maple	Acer rubrum	Mar - Apr	grey brown	feral
Grey Alder	Alnus incana	Feb - Apr	brownish yellow	feral
American Chestnut	Castanea dentata	May - Jun		mostly ornamental
American Hazel	Corylus americana	Mar - Apr	light green	feral and ornamental		fair/good
Sweet Chestnut	Castanea sativa	May		feral		good
Common Hackberry	Celtis occidentalis	Apr - May		feral
Flowering Quince	Chaenomeles japonica, Chaenomeles lagenaria, Chaenomeles speciosa 'Nivalis', Chaenomeles x superba	Apr - May		feral		good
Hawthorn	Crataegus spp.	Apr - May	yellow brown	feral		fair
White Ash	Fraxinus americana	Apr - May
Honey Locust	Gleditsia triancanthos	May - Jun		feral
American holly	Ilex opaca	Apr - Jun		feral
Walnut	Juglans spp.	Apr - May		cultivated		fair
Tulip-tree	Lirodendron tulipifera	May - Jun		feral and ornamental		good
Crab Apple	Malus spp.	Mar - Jun	light olive	ornamental
Apple	Malus domestica, Malus sylvestris	Apr - May	yellow white	cultivated and ornamental		very good
American Sycamore	Platanus occidentalis	Apr - May	light olive	feral
Plum	Prunus spp.	Apr - May	light grey, grey	ornamental and cultivated
Almond	Prunus amygdalus	Feb	light brown to brown pollen - not considered a good pollen source but bees are the primary pollinator	cultivated mostly in California		fair
Wild Cherry	Prunus avium	Apr - May	yellow brown, light brown	feral		very good
Cherry Plum	Prunus cerasifera		light brown to brown	feral		fair
Sour Cherry	Prunus cerasus	Apr - May	dark yellow	ornamental and cultivated		very good
Peach	Prunus persica	Apr - May	redish yellow	ornamental and cultivated		good
Black Cherry	Prunus serotina	Apr - May		feral		minor
Blackthorn	Prunus spinosa			feral		good
Pear	Pyrus communis	Apr - May	red yellow	ornamental and cultivated		good
Oak	Quercus spp.	May		feral
Oak	Quercus robur, Quercus pedunculata	May	light olive	feral		minor
Black Locust	Robinia pseudoacacia	May - Jun		feral
Blackberry	Rubus spp.	May - Jun	light grey	feral and cultivated		excellant
Raspberry	Rubus idaeus	May - Jun		feral and cultivated		good
Willow	Salix spp.	Feb - Apr	lemon	feral		good
White Willow	Salix alba			feral		good
Goat Willow	Salix caprea	Mar - Apr		feral		very good
Violet Willow	Salix daphnoides	Mar - Apr		feral		very good
Pussy Willow	Salix discolor	Mar - Apr		feral and ornamental
Basket Willow	Salix purpurea	Mar - Apr		feral		very good
Silky leaf osier, Smith's Willow	Salix x smithiana	Apr - May				very good
American mountain ash	Sorbus americana	May-Jun		feral
American Elm	Ulmus americana	Feb - Apr	light grey	feral
Winged Elm	Ulmus alata	Feb - Mar	pale yellow	feral		good
Europea field elm	Ulmus americana			feral		good

This pollen chart was originally by www.beesource.com
and 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollen_source

Mareks disease in Chickens

Marek's disease The virus responsible for Marek's disease is thought to be responsible for greater mortality in chickens than any other disease. Every flock, except for those maintained under strict pathogen-free conditions, can be assumed to be infected. Flocks that do not show any symptoms may still be infected. Stress may weaken the immune systems and result in an outbreak of this disease. Although symptoms may not be apparent, there may be a reduced growth rate and a decrease in egg production. The virus is concentrated in the feather follicles and shed in sloughed skin and feather cells. It has a long survival time and viable virus can be isolated from houses that have not been occupied for many months. Transmission is by aerosols containing infected dust. Younger birds are most susceptible to infection. There is no treatment for Marek's disease. The main method of control is by vaccination of day-old chickens as a subcutaneous injection. Results are improved by strict sanitation to reduce or delay exposure and also by breeding for genetic resistance. Marek's disease may produce a variety of clinical responses: visceral, neural, ocular, skin or combinations of these. Visceral Marek's of the visceral type is characterized by widespread involvement with lesions commonly seen in gonads, liver, spleen, kidney and occasionally heart, lungs and muscles. The disease is often acute, with apparently healthy birds dying very rapidly with massive internal tumours. Neural The neural type is characterised by progressive paralysis of the wings, legs and neck. Loss of body weight, anaemia, laboured breathing and diarrhoea are common symptoms. Ocular Ocular leukosis (gray-eye) is usually seen in early maturity. Morbidity and mortality are usually low but may approach twenty-five percent in some flocks. It is characterized by the spotty depigmentation or diffuse graying of the iris in the eye. The pupil develops an irregular shape and fails to react to light. Emaciation diarrhoea and death follow. Skin Skin leukosis produces the most severe losses in intensively reared broilers, as a result of carcasses being condemned at the processing stage. Enlargement of the feather follicles due to accumulations of lymphocytes is the typical lesion. This is potentially the most infective version of Marek's because it is produced around the feather follicles and is shed with the skin particles and with feathers.

Wax

Wax
Two sauspans - tea strainers - one to other while melting. Alum Or ss
pans
Layer of rain water - help settle detritus heat gently stir
Powder wax dye
Pour into moulds / tubs with tapered sides. Water again to grab waste
& then tip out.
Dust , pollen, propolis, other debris.
Be patient!
Solar wax extractor - base sheet aluminum/wooden frame plus double
glazed top. Wax runs down to collect at bottom of slope. Angled
towards sun.

Wax discolueres with constant heat - choc colour. Have drip tray in
shade!

Candle moulds.

Latex from modle shop painted on - use for up to 10 then deteriate.

Glass mould - very hot tea towelk wrap round mould - should come out.

Beware purchased moulds - may have bee made for parafin wax . Bee's
wax needs thicket wick. Red: zinc wick from Thornes.

Silicon spray in mould or Pyrex bowl & washing up liquid. Check bowl
is totally smooth & fault free. One drop of inscrnted wu liquid - rub
with finger around surface until dry.

Or stainless steel bowl - no lubrication needed.

Silicon white moulds best. Rubberbnd around split but needs surround
cut from plastic bottle thereby making stand for bottim of wick to
stand free. Top - use peg to hold wick square.

Use model putti or blutac to seal bottom of wick hole.

Use pet food tin - form spout with pliers and fix handle to interior

Flatten wick at bottom of mould to reduce leakage.

Candle wick is plaited not twisted like string so burns better.

Or dip candle wick in hot was before placing in roll or candle mould.
Stifness helps formation.

Leave 20 mind plus in mould before unwrap.

Martin@Newton.com

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Fw: Fw: If I could turn back time..............................

WHY LIFE WAS SO GREAT IN THE 60's

 

Reminder regarding the rules about pruning trees within a CONSERVATION AREA - Langford and Ulting Parish's

Reminder 

regarding the rules about pruning trees within a CONSERVATION AREA 

Langford and Ulting Parish's

In a Conservation Area, any works to trees measuring 75mm or over diameter at 1.5m from the ground require 6 weeks prior notification to us before they are carried out, we would then consult the Parish/Town council concerned for their comments.

Rules regarding trees and development depend largely on what conditions have been applied to the planning permission.  If there are trees on site to be retained we always refer developers to BS5837:2005 'Trees in Relation to Construction - Recommendations' which is the current British standard they are required to follow.  In addition to this, you should know that Planning permission over-rides tree protection by TPO or conservation area.  Developers are allowed to remove or prune any tree that is in the way of them carrying out works that have planning permission.

Woodland at a 250 Year peak due to tax breaks

British woodland has returned to the levels of the 1750s with tree cover having more than doubled since the end of the First World War, a United Nations report has shown.

 

Woodland in Britain now stands at 11,200 square miles, 11.8% of the total land area.

 

The growth, attributed in part to the boom because of tax breaks, could even reach the 15% of woodland recorded in England by the Doomsday Book in 1086!